Combustion device.



J. l. HARDIN.

COMBUSTION DEVICE APPLICATION man saw. 17. 1911.

1 ,27 1 ,463. Patented July 2, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

J. J. HARDIN.

COMBUSTION DEVICE APPLICATlON FILED SEPT. \1. I91].

1 ,271,463. Patented July 2, 1918.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JACQUES J. HARDIN, OF OAK PARK, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO EMIL F. SMRZ, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

COMBUSTION DEVICE.

Application filed September 17, 1917.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAc Uns J. HARDIN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Oak Park, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Combustion Devices, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to devices adapted to provide a heating flame, and has more particular reference to liquid fuel burners in which the fuel is converted into gaseous vapor which, being ignited, continues to generate such vapor for heating purposes In the specific adaptation thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, the device is applicable to ordinary wood and coal stoves, with the general object of providing a flame of burning vapor within the fire box and avoiding the expense, delays and inconvenience incident to the use of coal or wood therein.

t is old to provide liquid fuel burners adapted to be used in connection with the ordinary stove. The present improvements have for their principal objects the provision of burner means which may be installed in and removed from such stoves in a very simple and easy manner, and whereby the stove may conveniently be used for one kind of fuel or the other, and without the necessity of connecting or disconnecting pipe fittings or other parts, in the preferred form of the device; a device in which the relationship of the flame to the article being heated by the device is constant, thus avoiding the necessity of adjustments of the device in the fire box laterally or vertically; to provide improvements whereby both the fire box and the heating device may readily be cleaned or repaired, and without prejudice to the op erative unitary character of the burning device; means whereby the advantages of the burner may be had successively in several stoves at or about the same place. as one in the kitchen and one in the cellar of the house, by simply moving the device bodily from one stove to the other as a unitary structure; to provide a burner complete in itself which may be used otherwise than in a stove by merely resting the same upon any suitable support: also to provide a burner of simple construction and few parts, one

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1918.

Serial No. 191,720.

which may quickly be put into operation, and one which provides relatively great heat.

Other objects and advantages will appear hereinafter.

In these drawings Figure 1 is a front elevation of the device as applied to an ordinary cooking stove, walls of the stove fire box being shown in section;

is a top view of the new device;

F ig. 3 a medial, vertical, transverse section of the same. as on the line 33 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. -l is a vertical, medial, sectional view of the burner head and connection shown in Fig. 1, on an enlarged scale.

In its preferred construction the device comprises a plate-like structure 10 substantially like the ordinary top of a stove, having preferably two openings 11 flanged at 12 to accommodate the stove lid removed from the ordinary stove. This top plate is preferably made of cast iron. A handle 13 is provided at one end of the device for lift ing the same. The plate 10 constitutes a support for the flamegenerating device or burner, as well as for the supply of fuel, in the preferred form. Depending flanges 10 about peripheral portions of the plate 10 are adapted to contact the stove top about the top opening into the fire box, and thus the heat within the fire box is confined and its full effect in heating the top plate 10 or any article resting thereon over one of the heat openings 11 is obtained.

The flame generating apparatus includes the cast stem 14 and the integral cross piece 15, the latter being secured to the underside of the plate 10 as by the screws 16. Integral with the stem 14: are the hollow members 17, 17. cored to provide the pipe-like openings 18, the upper horizontal leg 17' terminating in a heat absorber and flame spreader 19, the opening 18 in that leg terminating close to but short of the spreader 19. A pipe section 20 is threaded into the lower portion of the casting 17 and is provided with a small opening 21 directed upward, the pipe 20 having a suitable closure 22 for the free end.

At the lower portion of the stem 14 there is secured a casting comprising a circular trough-shaped or cup member 24 opening into a pair of relatively long and narrow troughs :25 lying immediately under the pipes 20. Within the cup member 24 I provide a pair of spaced apart perforated metal rings 26 and 27, and between these rings there is a quantity of fibrous material 28, such as asbestos, adapted to hold a quantity of oil for primary generation.

The auxiliary stove top 10 is provided with extensions 29 and 30 secured together by an operable joint connection, as by the hinge 9. The support 31, suitably of iron pipe, is threaded into the part 30, and at the upper end of the pipe 31 the liquid fuel tank or receptacle 32 is secured, as by threading the pipe 31 into the casting 33 rigid with the tank. A duct 34, which is preferably a small and flexible copper pipe, and preferably given a few coil turns to render it more flexible, is secured by means of ordinary union connections 35 and 36 to the tank 32 and to the pipe parts 37. The fuel thus flows from the tank 32 to the check valve 38, through the pipe sections 39 and 40 to the hand valves 41 and 42, and thence through the pipes 43 and 44 to the respective interiors 18 of the burner parts 17 and 17 as shown.

The burner head shown in Fig. 4 comprises a hollow bell-shaped structure 46 surrounding a cone 47, a plurality of openings 48 leading from the interior to the exterior of the hell or tube 46, the burner head being secured to the part 19 as by a screw 49.

In installing the device the two stove lids and the intermediate bridge plate ordinarily found in such wood and coal stoves are first removed, and thereupon the device complete is simply placed upon the stove top, as shown in Fig. 1, with the burner apparatus within the fire box. At any time it is desired to use the stove in the ordinary way the device complete is simply lifted off and laid aside. The tank 32 may be lowered by simply swinging the same on the hinge 9, and the device thus reduced to relatively small compass for storage or portage. The use of these improvements is therefore rendered very easy to the housewife in avoiding the necessity for making adjustments of any kind, and provides the numerous other ad vantages hereinabove pointed out.

To start operations the valves 41, 42, are opened allowing a quantity of the liquid fuel, ordinarily kerosene, to flow through the burner and trickle out through the openings 21 in the pipe 20, the fuel falling into the troughs 25, flowing to the cup 24, and saturating the fibrous material 28. There upon the oil in the cup 24 is ignited, and the ensuing flame, which is substantially smoke-free, owing to the structure of the primary burner (comprising the parts 24, 26 and 27), heats the oil in the hollow portion 18 of the structure 17 converting the same into gaseous vapor which in a very short time begins to issue from the openings 21. This vapor being ignited the flame strikes the spreader 19 at the left-hand portion of Fig. 1, which soon becomes quite hot. heating the oil adjacent. to it in the opening 18, volatilizing the same and thus continuing the burning operation. he volatilization is produced quite rapidly, which I attribute largely to the fact that the spreader 19 is integral with the pipe-like part adjoining it, the heat being thus communicated rapidly to the oil. In the structure at the right-hand part of Fig. 1 the flame enters the cup 46 and is deflected outwardly by the metallic cone 47, and issues through the openings 48, the flame of one or more of the openings striking the upper legs 17" and volatilizing the fuel therein. The heat from the burner head is also communicated in part to the oil, assisting the volatilization. One or both of the burners may be em ployed at any given time.

I have thus provided a very simple burner device of very high efficiency and operable in a simple way and without many inconveniences found in prior devices for the same general end. I have shown the structure in a preferred form, but I contemplate such various modifications thereof as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A liquid fuel burner of the character described comprising in combination a platelike support adapted to rest upon and cover the top of a stove about a stove lid opening thereof, and a burner device secured to said support and adapted to extend into the fire box of the stove when said support is resting on the top thereof and the stove lid is removed.

2. A liquid fuel burner of the character described comprising in combination a platelike support having a heat opening therein and adapted to rest upon and cover the top of a stove about the stove lid opening with said heat opening registering with the lid opening, and a burner device secured to said support and adapted to extend into the fire box of the stove when said support is resting on the top thereof.

3. A liquid fuel burner of the character described comprising in combination a substantially flat plate-like support having a plurality of heat openings therein and adapted to rest upon the top of a stove with said heat openings directly over the tire box when stove lids and an intermediate bridge plate are removed, a fuel burning device normally below each of said openings and carried by said support, said burning devices being positioned in the fire-box of the stove when said support is resting thereon, a source of fuel supply, means for conveying fuel from said source to each of said burning devices, and means for controlling the fuel supply to each burning device.

4. A heating unit comprising in combination an auxiliary stove top adapted to rest upon astove over the fire box thereof and to constitute the operative top when stove lids and an intermediate bridge plate are removed from the stove, said top having a heat opening therethrough, a fuel burner secured to said top and adapted to provide a flame below said opening, and a source of fuel supply in communication with said burner and secured to said top, the construction being such that said top, burner and source of fuel supply constitute a unit which may readily be positioned upon and removed bodily from the stove.

5. A heating unit comprising in combination an auxiliary stove top adapted to rest upon a stove over the fire box thereof and to constitute the operative top when stove lids and an intermediate bridge plate are removed from the stove, sald top havin a heat opening therethrough, a liquid uel burner secured to said top and adapted to provide a flame below said opening, and a receptacle for liquid fuel in communication with said burner and secured to said top, the construction being such that said top, burner and receptacle constitute a unit which may readily be positioned upon and removed bodily from the stove.

6. A heating unit comprising in combination an auxiliary stove top member adapted to rest upon a stove, said top member having a heat opening therethrough, a liquid fuel burner adapted to provide a heating flame, said burner having a primary gas generator and a generator operated by the heating flame, said burner being secured to said top member and adapted to be positioned in the fire box of the stove when said top member is resting on the stove and stove lids and an intermediate bridge plate are removed, a receptacle for liquid fuel carried by said top member, means for conducting fuel from said receptacle to said generators, and means outside the fire box when the device is in use for controlling the flow of such fuel to the generators.

7. A heating unit comprising in combina tion a substantially flat auxiliary stove-top member having depending flanges adapted to rest upon a stove about the upper fire box opening thereof and to constitute the operating top when stove lids and an intermediate bridge plate are removed from the stove. said auxiliary top member having a heat opening therethrough, and a fuel burner secured to said top and adapted to provide a flame below said opening.

8. In a device of the character described. the combination of a substantially flat pl atelike auxiliary stove-top having depending flanges adapted to rest upon the top of the stove about the upper fire box opening thereof and to constitute the operating top when stove lids and an intermediate bridge plate are removed from the stove, said auxiliary top having a heat opening therethrough, a fuel burner carried by said top and adapted to extend into the fire box of the stove and to provide a flame below said heat opening, a fuel receptacle carried by said auxiliary top at an end portion thereof, pipe means between said receptacle and said burner, and valve means also carried by said top for controlling the supply of fuel to said burner.

9. In a device of the character described, the combination of a plate-like support having depending flanges adapted to rest upon a stove about the upper fuel box opening when stove lids and an intermediate bridge plate are removed, said support having a pair of heat openings therethrough, and a pair of fuel burners carried by said top and adapted to extend into the fire box of the stove and to provide a flame below said heat openings respectively.

10. In an oil burner, the combination of a substantially U-shaped pipe structure having an upper and a lower leg substantially horizontally disposed and a middle leg substantially vertically disposed, the lower leg having an opening for a gas jet directed toward the upper leg, means for supplying fuel oil to the interior of said upper leg, means providing a pocket about said vertically disposed leg, asbestos or the like in said pocket, and trough means adapted to convey drippings of oil from said gas jet opening to said pocket.

11. In an oil burner, the combination of a substantially U-shaped pipe structure having an upper and a lower leg substantially horizontally disposed and a middle leg substantially vertically disposed, the lower leg having an opening for a gas jet directed toward the upper leg, means for supplying fuel oil to the interior of said upper leg, means providing a pocket about said vertically disposed leg, asbestos or the like in said pocket, spaced apart perforated burner walls extending upward fromsaid pocket and between which the flame from such asbestos or the like will flow, and trough means adapted to convey drippings of oil from said jet opening to said pocket.

12. In an oil burner, the combination of a pipe structure having an upper and a lower leg substantially horizontally disposed and connected together by pipe-like means, the upper leg having thereon a substantially eup-shaped burner head with flame openings therein in circumferential arrangement, the hollow portion of said upper leg extending substantially close to said burner head, the lower leg having an opening for a gas jet directed toward the open end of said cup-shaped head. means for supplying fuel oil to the interior of aid upper leg. and a primary generator surrounding said pipe-like means for volatilizing oil in the device initially.

13. In an oil burner, the combination of a pipe structure having an upper and a lower leg substantially horizontall disposed and connected together by pipe-like means, the upper leg having thereon a substantially cup-shaped burner head with flame openings therein in circumferential arrangement. deflecting means in said burner head for directing the flame through said openings, the hollow portion of said upper leg extending substantially close to said burner head, the lower leg having an opening for a gas jet directed toward the open end of said cup-shaped head, means for supplying fuel oil to the interior of said upper leg, and a primary generator surrounding said pipelike means for volatilizing oil in the device initially.

14. In a fuel oil burner, the combination with means for continuously generating gas from the fuel oil and directing the flame thereof upward, of a substantially cupshaped burner head open bell-like at the bottom adapted to receive the flame of such gas, said head having flame-escape openings circumferentially near the upper portion thereof, and a substantially coneshaped deflector pointing downward in said head.

15. In a device of the character described, the combination of a support for a burner,

- a liquid fuel burner carried by said support,

receptacle may be lowered to occupy less space in the normally vertical direction.

16. In a liquid fuel burner, the combination of means adapted to contain liquid fuel, and a primary generator operatively associated therewith, said generator comprising spaced apart perforated walls and means therebetween for holding a quantity of liquid fuel, the perforations of said Walls being adapted to admit air to the generating flame whereby a substantially smokeless flame of relatively great heat is produced for generating purposes, said inner perforated walls being spaced from each other and the space between them being open to the outer air at the bottom portion of the generator whereby air may flow upward to the perforations of the inner walls.

17. In a liquid fuel burner, the combination of pipe-like means adapted to contain liquid fuel and having a jet opening therein through which liquid fuel may flow initially, and a primary generating burner associated with said means, said generator having a receptacle for asbestos or the like terminating in upwardly directed spaced apart perforated walls whereby the flame from liquid fuel in said primary generator will pass between said walls and into heating relation. with said pipe-like means, said primary generator being so arranged as to receive drippings of liquid fuel from said jet opening initially, said primary generator being adapted to volatilize the liquid fuel in said pipe-like means whereby gaseous vapor issues from said jet opening which, on being ignited, provides the heat ing flame of the device.

JACQUES J. HARDIN.

Copies of this patent may he obtained for five cents each, by addressing the "Gommissloner of Patent, Washington, D. C. 

